Page 9 - Sudeley Angus ebook

Estimated Breeding Values

(EBVs)

An animal’s breeding value is its genetic merit, half of which
will be passed on to its progeny. While we will never know the
exact breeding value, for performance traits it is possible to make
good estimates. These estimates are called Estimated Breeding
Values (EBVs).
In the calculation of EBVs, the performance of individual animals
within a contemporary group is directly compared to the average
of other animals in that group. A contemporary group consists
of animals of the same sex and age class within a herd, run under
the same management conditions and treated equally. Indirect
comparisons are made between animals reared in different
contemporary groups, through the use of pedigree links between
the groups.
EBVs are expressed in the units of measurement for each particular
trait. They are shown as + ive or - ive differences between an
individual animal’s genetics difference and the genetic base to
which the animal is compared. For example, a bull with an EBV
of +50 kg for 600-Day Weight is estimated to have genetic merit
50 kg above the breed base of 0 kg. Since the breed base is set to
an historical benchmark, the average EBVs of animals in each year
drop has changed over time as a result of genetic progress within
the breed.
The absolute value of any EBV is not critical, but rather the
differences in EBVs between animals. Particular animals should
be viewed as being “above or below breed average” for a particular
trait.
Whilst EBVs provide the best basis for the comparison of the
genetic merit of animals reared in different environments and
management conditions, they can only be used to compare
animals analysed within the same analysis. Consequently,
TRANSTASMAN ANGUS CATTLE EVALUATION EBVs
cannot be validly compared with EBVs for any other breed.

Although EBVs provide an estimate of an animal’s genetic merit
for a range of production traits, they do not provide information
for all of the traits that must be considered during selection of
functional animals. In all situations, EBVs should be used in
conjunction with visual assessment for other traits of importance
(such as structural soundness, temperament, fertility etc). A
recommended practice is to firstly select breeding stock based on
EBVs and to then select from this group to ensure that the final
selections are otherwise acceptable.
EBVs are published for a range of traits covering fertility, calving
ease, milking ability, growth, carcase merit and feed efficiency.
When using EBVs to assist in selection decisions it is important
SUDELEY GENETICS SHEEP & CATTLE COMPANY 9